Taiwan seeks to improve conditions in fishing fleet

TAIPEI — Commercial fishing boat owners in Taiwan, one of the world’s biggest seafood exporters, face strict rules and potential fines under a new law aimed at preventing overfishing and protecting migrant crew members who work far out at sea with little oversight.

The Distant Water Fisheries Act, which takes effect from Jan 15 next year, comes amid growing pressure on Taiwan’s seafood industry to crack down on modern-day slavery and other abuses for the more than 20,000 migrants working on the island’s fleet of fishing vessels.

Ms Frances Lee, a spokeswoman for Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said new requirements for the foreign fishermen will include insurance, health care, wages, working hours and human rights.

Last year, the European Union gave Taiwan a “yellow card” warning for failing to control illegal fishing on its commercial vessels, which sail around the world to catch some US$2 billion (S$2.7 billion) worth of exported tuna and other seafood every year. Without improvements, Taiwan’s US$14 million worth of seafood exports to the EU could face sanctions.

The American State Department’s 2016 Trafficking in Persons report says that while Taiwan has cracked down on forced labour and sex trafficking, fishing vessels need more attention. The report says fishermen mostly from Indonesia, Cambodia and Vietnam have been fraudulently recruited to work on Taiwan-flagged vessels where they can face abuses including violence, limited food supplies and withheld wages.

The issues extend well beyond Taiwan. Commercial fishing boat owners around the world, including the US, recruit foreign crews for the dangerous and exhausting work of hauling in the catch. The migrant fishermen are vulnerable to human trafficking and other exploitation because the work takes place so remotely, far from police or labour officials, and they can remain offshore for years as their catch is shuttled in to port.

Several nonprofit advocacy groups including Greenpeace and the International Labour Organization have repeatedly raised concerns about working conditions for foreign crew in Taiwan’s fishing fleet.

Ms Allison Lee at the Yilan Fishermen’s Labour Union, which represents migrant workers in Taiwan, said men have been beaten, overworked and denied pay aboard boats. “The captain or first officers will use violence, like hitting their heads, kicking or punching their stomachs,’’ she said.

Migrant workers hired for Taiwanese vessels often report working exceedingly long hours, said Mr Wong Ying-dah, director of the Service Centre and Shelter for Migrant Workers in Taiwan. They may also sleep in crowded quarters with other migrants and eat just one meal a day despite paying for three, he said. “Some don’t even have a bed.” Some workers sign multiple contracts, sometimes without knowing what is in them, and inadvertently agreeing to reductions in wages, said activists.

Mr Phil Robertson at Human Rights Watch in Bangkok said passing a law is an important first step in providing protections, but said resources will be needed to give it teeth. “The real difficulty is implementation, not only in court, but on the high seas.”

Advocates say they hear dozens of complaints from fishermen each year. But Fisheries Agency director Lin Ting-jung said his department gets only two reports a year of abuse against migrants. Nonetheless, he acknowledged there are problems and insufficient government oversight. “There are some tense moments on the boats and labour rights can be a problem,” he said. “The captains are looking for ways to improve rights. But this sweat-blood-seafood problem, is it a common situation or a few isolated cases?” AP