To embrace inclusivity, bear in mind four principles

Much has been discussed about being an inclusive society and the need to embrace the concept of inclusivity and/or inclusion.

Recently, the president of the Disabled People’s Association also said that running campaigns alone to raise public awareness is insufficient (“Let us walk the talk on inclusiveness”; Feb 16).

All of us who want to build a more inclusive society in Singapore play an important role, but we can reach this goal, and embrace the concept of inclusivity, only if we are guided by four principles.

First, inclusion is a process, and it must be seen as a never-ending search to find better ways of responding to diversity. We need to recognise that each individual is unique in one way or another.

This way, differences come to be seen more positively as a stimulus for fostering learning.

Second, inclusion is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers. Hence, the seven principles of Universal Design play an important role.

These principles are: Equitable use; flexibility in use; simple and intuitive use; perceptible use; tolerance for error; low physical/mental effort; and size and space for approach and use.

Third, inclusion is about the presence, participation and achievement of all individuals with disabilities. By “presence”, I refer to where such individuals are educated and how reliably and punctually they attend.

“Participation” relates to the quality of their experiences while they are there and therefore must incorporate the views of the learners themselves. “Achievement” is about the learning outcomes across the curriculum and not merely test results.

Fourth, inclusion involves an emphasis on individuals who may be at risk of exclusion or underachievement.

This indicates the moral responsibility to ensure that these groups that are most at risk are monitored carefully, and where necessary, steps must be taken to ensure their presence, participation and achievement in the educational system.