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Second Korean war could quickly spread across all of Asia: Maps

SINGAPORE/HONG KONG — A recent survey commissioned by the New York Times found that people who could find North Korea on a map were more likely to favour talks over military action. A glance at North Asia’s geography explains why.

The Hwasong-14 intercontinental ballistic missile is seen during its test launch in this undated photo released by North Korea’s Korean Central News Agency in Pyongyang. Photo: Reuters

The Hwasong-14 intercontinental ballistic missile is seen during its test launch in this undated photo released by North Korea’s Korean Central News Agency in Pyongyang. Photo: Reuters

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SINGAPORE/HONG KONG — A recent survey commissioned by the New York Times found that people who could find North Korea on a map were more likely to favour talks over military action. A glance at North Asia’s geography explains why.

More than six decades after the Korean War ended without a peace treaty, the peninsula remains bisected in a perpetual stalemate, with the US-backed South Korean military lined up against more than a million North Korean troops. While tensions have occasionally flared - after Mr Kim Jong Un’s weapons tests or American-led military exercises like the ones that that began Monday - the two sides have so far staved off another devastating conflict.

The 250km border defined in a 1953 armistice lays bare one obvious peril of any confrontation: The demilitarised zone sits on the doorstep of the Seoul metropolitan area, where about half of South Korea’s 51 million people live.

North Korea has spent decades concealing hundreds of artillery batteries along the frontier that could wreak havoc in the southern capital, according to Mr Joseph Bermudez, an analyst for the 38 North website run by the U.S.-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies. Those weapons could kill thousands of people and damage scores of factories in the time it took the US to project “fire and fury” across the border, as President Donald Trump has warned.

“If all of a sudden artillery rounds started plopping down in the middle of the city, hitting those high-rises, there would be panic like you would not believe,” Mr Bermudez said. “Not only are people killed by direct explosion, they’re killed by all the debris, and they’re killed by accident. You don’t need much artillery to do that.”

After an initial exchange of fire, the danger could quickly engulf the rest of South Korea and neighboring Japan, countries that have been American allies since World War II. More than 80,000 troops are based across the two countries and the US territory of Guam, which would provide key staging areas for any American-led attack.

Those US bases were within reach of Mr Kim’s bombs long before his first successful test of an intercontinental ballistic missile on July 4. Even if Mr Kim still lacks the capacity to outfit those missiles with miniaturised nuclear warheads, he could cause plenty of damage with conventional and chemical weapons.

Mr Kim would probably seek to maximise his advantage against more powerful foes by striking softer civilian targets in places like the greater Tokyo area, which is home to almost 40 million people. At the same time, North Koreans might look to escape the allied onslaught by flooding across the Yalu River to China. The region might also face environmental threats should the US strike Mr Kim’s heavy-water reactor north of the capital Pyongyang, scattering radioactive debris into the atmosphere and groundwater.

Mao Zedong’s decision to back China’s communist neighbors in North Korea was a key reason the US-led United Nations forces were never able to achieve a decisive victory in the Korean War. China’s concern then - that a unified Korea could provide a springboard for attacks on its own territory - remains largely unchanged. And the world’s most populous country would be hard-pressed to remain on the sidelines if a full-fledged conflict erupted on its border.

Unlike his predecessor, Chinese President Xi Jinping commands a nuclear power with one of the world’s most advanced navies and air forces. Should China join a second Korean conflict, that firepower would make it harder for Mr Trump to ensure the safety of the US homeland - much less its bases and allies across Asia.

And don’t forget Russia, which shares borders with China, Japan and North Korea. Russian President Vladimir Putin is already challenging the US in hotspots around the world.

The US is constantly engaging with China and Russia to explain what it would do in a conflict to minimise the chance of an escalation, Mr Bermudez said.

“It’s certainly possible to prevent superpower escalation,”he said. “Communication is the key here.” BLOOMBERG

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